TENSES

Assorted Tenses

Tenses is a verb-based method is used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or competition, of an action or circumstances relating to the time talking. So the concept of tenses is a method commonly used to refer to the time – past (past), current (present), and future (future)

16 kinds of Tenses and the examples : 

1.    SIMPLE PRESENT
Usage : stating a habit (habitual action) or activities that occur over and over again and again and again. Starting a general truth.
Formulas :       (+) S + V1 + es/s + Object
                        (-)  S + do/does + not + V1 + Object
                        (?) do/does + S + V1 + Object 
Examples :      a. My father lives in Medan
                        b. My father does not live in Banten
                        c. Does my father live in South Tangerang ?
                        d. The sun rises in the east
                       

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an ongoing activity (now) or around the time of the conversations (around the time speaking).
Formulas :       ( + ) S + is/am/are + V – ing
                        ( - )  S + is/am/are + Not + V – ing
                        ( ? )  is/am/are + S + V –ing
Examples :      a. I’m studying architecture now
                        b. I’m not studying English now
                        c. am I studying architecture now ?
                        d. We are eating dinner at seven o’clock now
                       
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Usage : to declare an act, events that happened in the past and still nothing to do with present or to show an event that completed in a short time (just finished).
Formulas :       ( + ) S + have/has + V3 + Object
                        ( - )  S + have/has + Not + V3 + Object
                        ( ? )  have/has + s + V3 + Object 
Examples :      a. Yunus has eaten breakfast
                        b. Yunus has not eaten breakfast
                        c. Has Aprizal eaten breakfast
                        d. They have know each other for along time
                   

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an activity that started in the past and is still ongoing and there may ongoing.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + have/has + been + V – ing
                        ( - )  S + have/has + Not + been + V – ing
                        ( ? )  have/has + S + been + V –ing 
Examples :      a. Arik has been staying in hospital since his accident
                        b. Arik has not been staying in hospital
                        c. Has Arik been staying in hospital since his accident
                        d. Arik has been talking to willy on the phone for twenty minutes

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Usage : to express an activity that occurs at a point in the past.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + V2 + Object
                        ( - )  S + did + did + not V1 + Object
                        ( ? )  did + S + V1 + Object
Examples :      a. My sisters went to europa last month
                        b. My sisters did not go to europa
                        c. Did my sister go to europa last month
                        d. I ate dinner this night

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to express an ongoing activity in the past when other activities occur / interrupt.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + was/were + V – ing
                        ( - )  S + was/were + Not + V – ing
                        ( ? )  was/were + S + V –ing 
Examples :      a. I was writeng book when my brother watched cinema
                        b. I was not eating when my father ate breakfast
                        c. was I studying when my friend invited me ?
                        d. when you were waiting me I sent the letter

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Usage : to declare an act that is completed events done is the past or explain an events which first occurred between the two in question.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + had + V3
                        ( - )  S + had + Not + V3
                        ( ? )  had + s + V3
Examples :      a. Jiunk had eaten when we called at to her house
                        b. Jiunk had not come when I called her
                        c. had Jiunk heared when I called her ?
                        d. I had been at school I when Jiunk went to my house

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that has been started in the past and is still going on in the past also.
Formulas :        ( + ) S + had + been + V – ing
                         ( - )  S + had + Not + been + V – ing
                         ( ? )  had + S + been + V –ing
 Examples :     a. They had been singing when we studied sains
                        b. They had not been eating when we ate breakfast
                        c. Had they been studying when we studied sains?
                        d. Dede went to the market when her mother had been cooking rice

9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that will be done at the time will come.
Formulas :       ( + ) S +  shall/will+ V1
                        ( - )  S + shall/will + Not + V1
                        ( ? )  shall/will+ S + V1
Examples :      a. I will go to Banten last week
                        b. My friends shall not follow me
                        c. Will you judge me ?
                        d. Mandra will give me a bag

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that will be taking place at a time will come.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + shall/will + be + V – ing
                        ( - )  S + shall/will + Not + be + V – ing
                        ( ? )  shall/will+ S + be +  V –ing
Examples :      a. I will be studying If my friends come to night
                        b. My friend shall not be sleeping if my mother isn’t there
                        c. Will the be going ?
                        d. Teguh will be arriving from Aceh to morning

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that already started in the past and soon to be completed in time dating.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + shall/will + have + V3
                        ( - )  S + shall/will + Not + have + V3
                        ( ? )  shall/will+ S + have + V3
Examples :      a. Danar and Ahya will have finished their work by wednesday
                        b. Danar and Arbi will not have finished their work by wednesday
                        c. Will they have finished their work wdnesday?
                        d. My uncle shall been at market

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that already exist in the past but is still possible to continuous at the time will come.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + shall/will + have + been +  V-ing
                        ( - )  S + shall/will + Not + have + been + V-ing
                        ( ? )  shall/will+ S + have + been + V-ing
Examples
a. My Uncle shall have been working in the office for two monthby the end of the year
                        b. My uncle shall not have been cooking
                        c. Shall she have been cooking ?
                        d. Wahyu will have been staying in my house two weeks by the of this year

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that will come done in the past .
Formulas :       ( + ) S + should/would + V1
                        ( - )  S + should/would+ Not + V1
                        ( ? )  should/would + S + V1
Examples :
a. My wife would give me a new car the week before
                        b. They would not give me a new carthe next day
                        c. Would they give me a new cycle the week before ?
                        d. Maya would not come to my university the next month

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an act or event that will be taking place the past.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + should/would +be + V-ing
                        ( - )  S + should/would + Not + be + V-ing
                        ( ? )  should/would + S + be + V-ing
Examples :
a. We would be meeting here at two yesterday
                        b. We would not be meeting here at two yesterday
                        c. Would us be meeting here at two yesterday ?
                        d. We should be helping them on monday last week

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Usage : to declare an act of events that will come already in the past supposition that can not happen because it is definitely not fulfilled.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + should/would + have + V3
                        ( - )  S + should/would + Not + have + V3
                        ( ? )  should/would + S + have + V3
Examples :    
a. You would have been success if you had worked hard
                        b. You would not have been success if you had not worked hard
                        c. Would you have been success if you had not worked hard ?
                        d. I should have come there if you had asked me
                        e. I should not have come there if you had not asked me

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage : to declare an act of events that will already be in progress at the past.
Formulas :       ( + ) S + should/would + have + been + V-ing
                        ( - )  S + should/would + Not + have + been + V-ing
                        ( ? )  should/would + S + have + been + V-ing
Examples :      
a. Danar would have been working there for two years by the end of this year
b. My Uncle should not have been working there.
c. Should Yunus have been studying at Nasa for 2 years by the end of this year ?

d. Yunus would have been teaching architecture for two weeks by the end of this months

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